Smoking cessation interventions for US adults with disabilities: protocol for a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: People with disabilities have a higher prevalence of cigarette smoking than people without disabilities. However, little information exists on smoking cessation interventions tailored to address the unique needs of people with disabilities. This paper describes a systematic review protocol to identify and evaluate tobacco smoking cessation interventions designed to improve outcomes for people with disabilities. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will conduct a systematic review of the literature using the procedures outlined by Cochrane. We will search four electronic databases (CINAHL Plus (EBSCO), Embase (Ovid), Medline (Ovid) and PsycINFO (Ovid)) with no date restriction to identify tobacco cessation interventions tailored to meet the needs of people with disabilities. We will extract data and assess risk of bias using the RoB2 and ROBINS-I for included studies using Covidence systematic review software. Quantitative and qualitative syntheses will summarise key study characteristics and outcomes with text, tables and forest plots; a meta-analysis will be conducted, if appropriate. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is not required as there are no primary data associated with the study. Data will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed articles and conference presentations. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022337434.

Implications of epidemic-pandemic convergence for routine care adoption of contingency management: A case study.

The significant increase in opioid-related drug overdoses during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has put an unprecedented burden on hospital emergency departments, who saw as high as an approximate 150% increase in emergency department (ED) admission rates in the initial months of the pandemic. Although overdose is a clear sign of problem drug use, only a small proportion of nonfatal overdose patients enroll in treatment within 30 days of their overdose. To bridge the gap between opioid overdoses and treatment entry, a smartphone-smart debit card contingency management program was developed to promote entry into medication-assisted treatment by out-of-treatment opioid users who have recently received care in a hospital emergency department. The case study described in this article highlights a successful implementation of this intervention despite numerous disruptions related to COVID-19 that would have made engagement difficult without the remote access to contingency management provided by this technology. Patient status over time is presented in conjunction with contingency management earnings. Technology-based contingency management may provide improved scalability, rigorous outcomes metrics, and lower costs than prior onsite, manual contingency management (CM) approaches. The COVID-19 pandemic, in combination with the opioid epidemic has created a context in which historical obstacles to the adoption of contingency management may be overcome. This case study demonstrates the potential utility of smartphone-based contingency management when in-person care is difficult to access or disrupted. The requirement for further research demonstrating the efficacy of these approaches is discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).